What are pairs of numbers that have the same absolute value called?

Pairs of numbers that have the same absolute value are called opposites because absolute value refers to the distance of a number from zero on the number line, regardless of direction. For instance, the numbers 5 and -5 are opposites; both have an absolute value of 5 because they are the same distance from zero but located on opposite sides of the number line. This characteristic defines them as opposite numbers.

The other terms listed do not accurately describe this concept. "Similar values" is a vague term that does not refer to a specific mathematical relationship, while "negative pairs" suggests only negative numbers and does not account for their positive counterparts, making it an incomplete term in this context. "Equidistant numbers" may imply a broader range of scenarios not limited to pairs that are negatives of each other. Therefore, opposites is the precise terminology used in mathematics to refer specifically to pairs of numbers that possess equal absolute values.